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iPhone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the line of smartphones by Apple. For other uses, see iPhone (disambiguation).
 The iPhone 5. |
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| Developer | Apple Inc. |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Foxconn (on contract) |
| Type | Smartphone |
| Release date | Original: June 29, 2007 iPhone 3G: July 11, 2008 iPhone 3GS: June 19, 2009 iPhone 4: June 24, 2010 iPhone 4S: October 14, 2011 iPhone 5: September 21, 2012 |
| Units sold | 250 million[1] |
| Operating system | iOS 6.0.2 |
| Power | Built-in rechargeable Li-Po battery Original: 3.7 V 5.18 W·h (1,400 mA·h iPhone 3G: 3.7 V 4.12 W·h (1,150 mA·h) iPhone 3GS 3.7 V 4.51 W·h (1,219 mA·h) iPhone 4: 3.7 V 5.25 W·h (1,420 mA·h) iPhone 4S: 3.7 V 5.3 W·h (1,432 mA·h) iPhone 5: 3.8 V 5.45 W·h (1,440 mA·h) |
| System-on-chip used | Original: iPhone 3G: iPhone 3GS: iPhone 4: Apple A4 iPhone 4S: Apple A5 iPhone 5: Apple A6 |
| CPU | Original and iPhone 3G: Samsung 32-bit RISC ARM 1176JZ(F)-S v1.0[2] iPhone 3GS: 600 MHz ARM Cortex-A8[3] iPhone 4: ARM Cortex-A8[4] iPhone 4S: 800 MHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9[5] iPhone 5: 1.3 GHz dual core Apple A6 |
| Storage capacity | 16, 32, or 64 GB flash memory[6] |
| Memory | Original and iPhone 3G: 128 MB LPDDR DRAM (137 MHz) iPhone 3GS: 256 MB LPDDR DRAM (200 MHz) iPhone 4: 512 MB LPDDR2 DRAM (200 MHz) iPhone 4S: 512 MB LPDDR2 DRAM iPhone 5: 1GB LPDDR2 DRAM |
| Display | Original and iPhone 3G: 3.5 in (89 mm) 3:2 aspect ratio, scratch-resistant[7] glossy glass covered screen, 262,144-color (18-bit) TN LCD, 480 × 320 px (HVGA) at 163 ppi, 200:1 contrast ratio iPhone 3GS: In addition to prior, features a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating,[8] and 262,144-color (18-bit) TN LCD with hardware spatial dithering[9] iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S: 3.5 in (89 mm), 3:2 aspect ratio, aluminosilicate glass covered 16,777,216-color (24-bit) IPS LCD screen, 960 × 640 px at 326 ppi, 800:1 contrast ratio, 500 cd⁄m² max brightness iPhone 5: 4.0 in (100 mm);16:9 aspect ratio;1,136 x 640 px screen resolution at 326 ppi |
| Graphics | Original and iPhone 3G: PowerVR MBX Lite 3D GPU[10] (103 MHz) iPhone 3GS: PowerVR SGX535 GPU (150 MHz)[11][12] iPhone 4: PowerVR SGX535 GPU (200 MHz)[11][12] iPhone 4S: PowerVR SGX543MP2 (2-core) GPU[13] iPhone 5: PowerVR SGX543MP3 (3-Core) GPU |
| Connectivity |
Original and iPhone 3G:
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Bluetooth 4.0 technology |
| Online services | iTunes Store, App Store, iCloud, iBookstore |
| Dimensions | Original: 115 mm (4.5 in) H 61 mm (2.4 in) W 11.6 mm (0.46 in) D iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS: 115.5 mm (4.55 in) H 62.1 mm (2.44 in) W 12.3 mm (0.48 in) D iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S: 115.2 mm (4.54 in) H 58.6 mm (2.31 in) W 9.3 mm (0.37 in) D iPhone 5: 123.8 mm (4.87 in) H 58.6 mm (2.31 in) W 7.6 mm (0.30 in) D |
| Weight | Original and iPhone 3GS: 135 g (4.8 oz) iPhone 3G: 133 g (4.7 oz) iPhone 4: 137 g (4.8 oz) iPhone 4S: 140 g (4.9 oz) iPhone 5: 112 g (4.0 oz) |
| Related articles | iPad, iPod touch (Comparison) |
| Website | apple.com/iphone |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| iPhone |
|---|
| iPhone (1st generation) |
| iPhone 3G |
| iPhone 3GS |
| iPhone 4 |
| iPhone 4S |
| iPhone 5 |
| List of iPhone models |
An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send texts, and receive visual voicemail. Other functions—games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, etc.—can be enabled by downloading apps; as of 2012[update], the App Store offered more than 700,000 apps by Apple and third parties.[16]
There are six generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the six major releases of iOS. The original iPhone was a GSM phone, and established design precedents, such as screen size and button placement, that have persisted through all models. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS added a faster processor and a higher-resolution camera that could record video at 480p. The iPhone 4 featured a higher-resolution 960 × 640 "retina display", a higher-resolution rear-facing camera and a lower-resolution front-facing camera for video calling and other apps.[17] The iPhone 4S added an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording, a dual-core processor, and a natural language voice control system called Siri.[18][19][20] iPhone 5 features the new A6 processor, holds a 4-inch Retina display that is larger than its predecessor's 3.5-inch display, and replaces the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector.
Screen and input
The touchscreen on the first five generations is a 9 cm (3.5 in) liquid crystal display with scratch-resistant glass, while the one on the iPhone 5 is 4 inches.[7] The capacitive touchscreen is designed for a bare finger, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. The screens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320 × 480 (HVGA) at 163 ppi; those on the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S have a resolution of 640 × 960 at 326 ppi, and the iPhone 5, 1,136 × 640 at 326 ppi. The iPhone 5 model's screen results in an aspect ratio of nearly exactly 16:9.The touch and gesture features of the iPhone are based on technology originally developed by FingerWorks.[62] Most gloves and styli prevent the necessary electrical conductivity;[63][64][65][66] however, capacitive styli can be used with iPhone's finger-touch screen. The iPhone 3GS and later also feature a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating.[67]
A multifunction sleep/wake button is located on the top of the device. It serves as the unit's power button, and also controls phone calls. When a call is received, pressing the sleep/wake button once silences the ringtone, and when pressed twice transfers the call to voicemail. Situated on the left spine are the volume adjustment controls. The iPhone 4 has two separate circular buttons to increase and decrease the volume; all earlier models house two switches under a single plastic panel, known as a rocker switch, which could reasonably be counted as either one or two buttons.
Directly above the volume controls is a ring/silent switch that when engaged mutes telephone ringing, alert sounds from new & sent emails, text messages, and other push notifications, camera shutter sounds, Voice Memo sound effects, phone lock/unlock sounds, keyboard clicks, and spoken autocorrections. This switch does not mute alarm sounds from the Clock application, and in some countries or regions it will not mute the camera shutter or Voice Memo sound effects.[68] All buttons except Home were made of plastic on the original iPhone and metal on all later models. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the user interface.
The display responds to three sensors (four on the iPhone 4). A proximity sensor deactivates the display and touchscreen when the device is brought near the face during a call. This is done to save battery power and to prevent inadvertent inputs from the user's face and ears. An ambient light sensor adjusts the display brightness which in turn saves battery power. A 3-axis accelerometer senses the orientation of the phone and changes the screen accordingly, allowing the user to easily switch between portrait and landscape mode.[69] Photo browsing, web browsing, and music playing support both upright and left or right widescreen orientations.[70]
Unlike the iPad, the iPhone does not rotate the screen when turned upside-down, with the Home button above the screen, unless the running program has been specifically designed to do so. The 3.0 update added landscape support for still other applications, such as email, and introduced shaking the unit as a form of input.[71][72] The accelerometer can also be used to control third-party apps, notably games. The iPhone 4 also includes a gyroscopic sensor, enhancing its perception of how it is moved.
A software update in January 2008[73] allowed the first-generation iPhone to use cell tower and Wi-Fi network locations trilateration,[74] despite lacking GPS hardware. The iPhone 3G, 3GS and 4 employ A-GPS, and the iPhone 3GS and 4 also have a digital compass.[75] iPhone 4S supports GLONASS global positioning system in addition to GPS.
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Battery
Apple runs tests on preproduction units to determine battery life. Apple's website says that the battery life "is designed to retain up to 80 percent of its original capacity after 400 full charge and discharge cycles",[87] which is comparable to iPod batteries.
The battery life of early models of the iPhone has been criticized by several technology journalists as insufficient and less than Apple's claims.[88][89][90][91] This is also reflected by a J. D. Power and Associates customer satisfaction survey, which gave the "battery aspects" of the iPhone 3G its lowest rating of 2 out of 5 stars.[92][93]
If the battery malfunctions or dies prematurely, the phone can be returned to Apple and replaced for free while still under warranty.[94] The warranty lasts one year from purchase and can be extended to two years with AppleCare. The battery replacement service and its pricing was not made known to buyers until the day the product was launched,[95][96] it is similar to how Apple (and third parties) replace batteries for iPods. The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, a consumer advocate group, has sent a complaint to Apple and AT&T over the fee that consumers have to pay to have the battery replaced.[95]
Since July 2007, third-party battery replacement kits have been available[97] at a much lower price than Apple's own battery replacement program. These kits often include a small screwdriver and an instruction leaflet, but as with many newer iPod models the battery in the original iPhone has been soldered in. Therefore a soldering iron is required to install the new battery. The iPhone 3G uses a different battery fitted with a connector that is easier to replace.[98]
Camera
The original iPhone and iPhone 3G feature a built-in fixed focus 2.0 megapixel camera located on the back for still digital photos. It has no optical zoom, flash or autofocus, and does not support video recording (iPhone 3G does support video recording via third-party App available on the App Store), however jailbreaking allows users to do so. Version 2.0 of iPhone OS introduced the capability to embed location data in the pictures, producing geocoded photographs.The iPhone 3GS has a 3.2 megapixel camera, manufactured by OmniVision, featuring autofocus, auto white balance, and auto macro (up to 10 cm). It is also capable of capturing 640 × 480 (VGA resolution) video at 30 frames per second,[99] although compared to higher-end CCD based video cameras it does exhibit the rolling shutter effect.[100] The video can then be cropped on the device itself and directly uploaded to YouTube, MobileMe, or other services.
The iPhone 4 introduced a 5.0 megapixel camera (2592 × 1936 pixels), also located on the back, which is equipped with a backside illuminated sensor capable of capturing pictures in low-light conditions, as well as an LED flash capable of staying lit for video recording at 720p resolution, considered high-definition.[101] iPhone 4 is the first iPhone that has the high dynamic range photography feature.[102] In addition the iPhone 4 has a second camera on the front capable of VGA photos and SD video recording.
Regardless of the source, saved recordings may be synced to the host computer, attached to email, or (where supported) sent by MMS. Videos may be uploaded to YouTube directly.
The camera on the iPhone 4S is capable of shooting 8MP stills and recording 1080p videos. The camera can now be accessed directly from the lock screen, and the volume up button as a shutter trigger. The built-in gyroscope is able to stabilize the camera while recording video.
The iPhone 5 and iPhone 4S, running iOS 6 or later, have the ability to take panoramas using the built-in camera app,[103] and the iPhone 5 also has the ability to take still photos while recording video.[104]
On all five model generations, the phone can be configured to bring up the camera app by quickly pressing the home key twice.[105] On all iPhones running iOS 5 it can also be accessed from the lock screen directly.
The camera on the iPhone 5 reportedly shows purple haze when light source is just out of frame.[106] However Consumer Reports states "[the iPhone 5] is no more prone to purple hazing on photos shot into a bright light source than its predecessor or than several Android phones with fine cameras..."[107]
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